The word peridot comes from the Arabic word "faridat", meaning "precious stone". Peridot was discovered about 3,500 years ago on the island of St. John in the territory of Ancient Egypt, and was valued by the Egyptian emperors more than 1,500 years ago, making it a rather ancient gemstone.
[Introduction to Peridot].
Mineralogical name: Peridot
Main component: Silicate of magnesium and iron
Chemical formula: (Mg, Fe)2SiO4
Crystal system: rhombohedral crystal system
Specific gravity: 3.27～3.48
Refractive index: 1.65～1.69
Birefringence: 0.035～0.038
Dispersion value: 0.020 (medium dispersion)
Hardness: 6.5～7
[origin].
The world's major sources of gem-quality peridot include the Yiqisong Nanshan Mountains in Dunhua, Jilin, China; San Carlos, Arizona, USA; the Magdalene region of Myanmar; and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Other minor sources include Sri Lanka, Vietnam, North Korea, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Norway.
[color].
Peridot is a magnesium-iron silicate mineral, and the elemental iron (Fe) contained in it determines the color of peridot. The color of peridot ranges from pure green, yellowish green to tawny, with pure green being the best color, but pure peridot is very rare, with yellowish green peridot being the most common. The more iron ions there are, the darker the color of peridot.
[Clarity].
The finest peridots usually have no inclusions visible to the naked eye, but tiny black chromite crystals may be found under magnification. Common inclusions in peridot will be in the form of disc-shaped cleavages called 'ruffled inclusions'. Other inclusions that are readily visible have a black speckled appearance, which reduces the value of the peridot.
[Cut].
Peridot can be cut into a variety of shapes, such as: round, oval, pear, cushion, triangle, horse's eye, and so on. As a colored gemstone, the primary concern in cutting peridot is to maintain its weight and the less depletion the better. However, the perfect proportions of the cut and the degree of finishing can give the peridot a beautiful fire, which helps to enhance the beauty of the peridot, thus increasing its value.
[carat].
In the jewelry market, there are a variety of shapes and sizes using the standard peridot cut. The smaller the size of the stone the cheaper it is, most are under 3 carats and it is not common to see large peridots, so they will be worth more.
❄️ [World's Largest]
The world's largest known gem-quality faceted peridot from the Egyptian island of Zabadjad, weighing about 311.8 carats, is now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C., USA.
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